Glucose is a simple sugar that can be broken down for energy. Many glucose subunits can combine and be stored in the body as glycogen. Our muscles are densely packed with enzymes for this breakdown, so it can happen very rapidly.
Glucose ----glycolysis----> 2ATP + 2 Lactate
Glycogen is the main source of energy since free glucose supply is low in skeletal muscle, and is used for muscle contraction lasting more than a few seconds. Like the immediate energy sources, glucose is water-soluble and exists in the cytoplasm of the cell. There is more energy available from glucose/glycogen than from the immediate energy sources, but much less than oxidative energy sources. Even though lactate is produced as a byproduct, the formation and removal of this acid are in balance.
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